static_casts/ reinterpret_cast TODO: linkhttps://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/introduction-to-type-conversion-and-static_cast/ Literals link #include int main(){ std::cout << 5 << '\n'; // 5 (no suffix) is type int (by default) std::cout << 5L << '\n'; // 5L is type long std::cout << 5u << '\n'; // 5u is type unsigned int // basically the same as int a = 5; // ok: types match unsigned int b = 6; // ok: compiler will convert int value 6 to unsigned int value 6 long c = 7; // ok: compiler will convert int value 7 to long value 7 } Data type Suffix Meaning integral u or U unsigned int integral l or L long integral ul, uL, Ul, UL, lu, lU, Lu, LU unsigned long integral ll or LL long long integral ull, uLL, Ull, ULL, llu, llU, LLu, LLU unsigned long long integral z or Z The signed version of std::size_t (C++23) integral uz, uZ, Uz, UZ, zu, zU, Zu, ZU std::size_t (C++23) floating point f or F float floating point l or L long double string s std::string string sv std::string_view Const link const constexpr #define Enums link enum season { spring, summer, autumn, winter }; compiler flags (#ifdef) linkbefore compiling we can have some options for what code we want For example, we can have code only for tests, simulations, or hardware this is done through #ifdef In Taproot the options are listed here Name variables Test ENV_UNIT_TESTS, PLATFORM_HOSTED, RUN_WITH_PROFILING Sim PLATFORM_HOSTED, RUN_WITH_PROFILING Hardware N/A We in Hardware mode so in the #ifdef block line 30 will not be included when compiling Here you see we are in Test mode so ENV_UNIT_TESTS is turned on. So line 30 will be included c++ practice linkUsing everything you learned try to do these: simple ArrayList class (try adding these features one by one) class field should have: size, capacity should use a template and namespace Default size #define size 4 Constructor should either take an list with values, or nothing and just create an empty array of default size. methods: constructor/deconstructor get(int index) edit(int index, T val) double() doubles the array append(T val) print() If you want more you can write sample classes for stacks, queues, trees, etc.

intro to C++